![]() Summer cover crops, because of their biomass accumulation potential, may be used by farmers in northern climates to fit into cropping system niches that have historically been left as bare soil, but care with timing is necessary to optimize weed suppression and mitigate tradeoffs for cash crop production. Broccoli in Y2 did not reach maturity due to fall freeze. Data from Y1 show that cover crops were unable to replace fertilizer for fall broccoli yield, and led to reduced fall crop yield. Most cover crops did not outcompete weeds, but treatments with less weeds produced more overall biomass. Mean total biomass (cover crop + weeds) by site year ranged from 1,890 kg ha −1 in MN Y1 to 5,793 kg ha −1 in WI Y2 and varied among species in Y1 for both the SD and LD treatments. To quantify effects on cash crops, we measured fall broccoli yield and biomass. To quantify cover crop quantity, quality, and weed suppression capacity, we measured cover crop and weed biomass, and biomass C:N. Our study included four site years, during which we investigated the effects of four cover crop species treatments, grown for 30 (short duration, SD) or 50 days (long duration, LD) alongside bare fertilized and unfertilized control treatments: buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum) and sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea) monocultures, and biculture of chickling vetch ( Lathyrus sativus) or cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata) with sorghum-sudangrass (sudex) ( Sorghum bicolor x S. This project evaluated summer cover crops in the northern USA (MN and WI) for biomass accumulation, weed suppression, and contribution to fall cash crop yield. In northern climate vegetable systems, warm-season cover crops planted during short summer fallows could be a tool to build resilience via ecosystem service enhancement. Vegetable farming often includes spring and fall production, limiting establishment and productive potential of over-wintered cover crops that are more widely used in the USA. Diversification with cover crops may support increased resilience through soil organic matter (SOM) contributions and physical soil protection. Intensive production practices characterizing vegetable farming contribute to high productivity, but often at the expense of supporting and regulating ecosystem services. 4Cala Farms, LLC, Turtle Lake, WI, United States.3Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States.2Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.1Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.Grossman 2 *, Anne Pfeiffer 3 and Rodrigo Cala 4 Although they spend most of their lives in the marine environment, females between 15 and 30 years old go to the beach to build nests.Vivian M. It is threatened and listed as a vulnerable species due to the decline of its population.Īdults can reach a shell length of 120 cm and a weight up to 200 kg. The loggerhead sea turtle is a species typically found in tropical and subtropical seas and oceans. On the other hand, avoid stepping on the marks they leave in the sand. If you find turtles on any beach, call 112 immediately to report the situation, or if you find traces of a turtle. The hatching is expected at the end of August or the beginning of September, depending on temperatures. The growth of the species breeding on our shores seems to be linked to climate change and the overheating of the traditional areas of reproduction, as reported by the Catalan government.Īll of the nests are monitored by volunteers and temperature sensors have been installed to predict the date of hatching. Thus, Catalonia has become a hot spot for the species to breed, a phenomenon that is growing significantly in the western Mediterranean. In all cases, part of the nests have been moved to the Center for the Recovery of Marine Animals (CRAM) and to Barcelona Zoo. In Tarragona, there are currently 99 eggs, 142 in Arenys de Mar, and 81 in the Ebre Delta. ![]() ![]() This week, 45 loggerhead sea turtles were born on Calafell beach. In 2021 so far, a new record was broken with five nests registered in the Calafell, Tarragona, Arenys de Mar and Serrallo beaches, and in the Ebre Delta Natural Park. Catalan beaches have become an ideal place for the nesting of endangered loggerhead sea turtles. ![]()
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